In the period immediately after the French Revolution, the Constituent Assembly imported and “copied” the English jury system. My project will develop the first comparative history of the criminal jury in France and England in the influential period of judicial reforms that occurred between 1791 and the French grand jury abolition in 1811. It will analyze the objectives, hopes, and disappointments of those who adopted the English jury model in Revolutionary France as well as comparing jury practices in the two countries. This research is relevant to contemporary Western societies, because the modern judicial systems of many countries developed directly from English and French models created in the late eighteenth century, and it will therefore make an important contribution to current scholarly debates in history, law, sociology and criminology.